Devices

The Devices table provides a high-level view for Devices belonging to all customers. The view is initiated with a search to ensure focus on the Devices of interest. The search is scoped to the field selected in the adjacent drop-down. Device EUI, user-defined Tags, user-defined Metadata , and Application EUIs are some of the fields that can be used to scope the search.

Once the search is executed, the table view is presented and shows any matching results. If no search term was entered, all Devices are shown in the table.

Matching criteria can be quickly updated using the Search control above the table on the right.

If a search for a full Device EUI fails, an option is provided to further search the Registered Devices. This is presented as a clickable link in the body of the Devices table.

If that search succeeds, information about the found Registered Device is presented in a popup.

The results table presents a complete record of each matching Device - up to 43 distinct data points. The table's columns may be customized for both display and export purposes.

These include numerous date-time values and dynamic statistics and that are recalculated as part of the on-demand refresh function:

Checking the Show Map checkbox shows the Devices on a map if either the actual or estimated locations are known.

Select Filter to Selected Devices to limit the Devices view to a select group of Devices. This filtered view can be shown with or without the Map.

Note: The RSSI and SNR columns include color-coded icons to reflect the strength and quality of uplinks from each Device. The following table provides the meaning of each color along with the corresponding value-range. When hovering over an icon, this text will be displayed as a tooltip.

Color	RSSI	SNR
Green	Very Good RSSI: >= -95	Very Good SNR: >= 1
Blue	Good RSSI: > -110 and < -95	Good SNR: >= -6 and < 1
Yellow	Fair RSSI: >= -125 and < -110	Fair SNR: >= -13 and < -6
Red	Poor RSSI: < -125	Poor SNR: < -13

Editing Device Information

The Devices table provides discrete interfaces for modifying Devices in bulk.

Clicking the Device Configuration button:

Shows options for editing the selected Devices:

Menu Option	Description
Edit Information and Settings	Allows bulk editing of Device Type, Device Profile, Device Class, Firmware Version, Latitude, Longitude, Metadata and Operator Metadata.
Edit Tags	Allows bulk editing of names, strings, codes etc. to group Devices into categories. Intended for use by customers.
Edit Operator Tags	Allows bulk editing of a secondary Tags field only visible to Operators.
Filter to Selected Devices	Filters the Device table to the selected Devices and adds them to the URL.

Deleting a Joined Device

A Device can be deleted by selecting a row and clicking on the button. The user must type the Device Address and Application EUI to confirm the delete. Only one Device can be deleted at a time. Deleting a joined Device will delete all records of that Device.

Device Details

The Device Details view contains a series of sub-views that present Device centric transactional or location data. These views provide in-depth historical information that assists in troubleshooting Device behavior.

Transactions: Display LoRa transactional events for the Device.

Map: Displays the current location of a Device on a map.

RF Statistics: Display RF information for the Device in heatmap form.

Statistics: Display key LoRa transactional statistics for a Device.

Click on a Device EUI to open the Device Details view.

Device Transactions

The Device Details Transactions view is a combined table and chart view that shows the communication events between the Device and the Network Server. The table shows the processed LoRa event data and the chart shows the statistics from those events over time. Events that are received late are specifically identified with light italicized text in the Time column.

The view can be filtered to specific event types or to communications involving specific Base Stations. The chart view will display the statistics from those filtered events and supports display of either one or two statistics at a time.

Pre-defined Filters:

The Transactions view has several pre-defined filters to help troubleshoot LoRa network issues. These filters are only applied to events loaded into the view.

Filter Name	Description
Unique Uplinks/Downlinks	Filters to events with "Uplink" in the Type column and where the sub-string "dup=true" is not in the Details column. Includes Downlinks associated with the Uplinks.
Unique Uplinks	Filters to events with "Uplink" in the Type column and where the sub-string "dup=true" is not in the Details column. Excludes Downlinks associated with the Uplinks.
Join Activity	Filters to events with "Join" in the Type column.
Application Downlinks	Filters to Unique Uplink events, events with "Downlink" in the Type column, events with data in the Encrypted or App PDU columns and events with "Ack=true" in the Details column
ADR Activity	Filters to events with "ADR Check" in the Type column or events with any of the following strings in the Details column: "LinkADRReq","LinkADRAns", or "ADRAckReq=True".
ADR Disabled	Filters to events with "ADR=False"
Uplinks	Filters to events with "Uplink" in the Type column.
Downlinks	Filters to events with "Downlink" in the Type column.
MAC Commands	Filters events with a MAC command string appearing anywhere in the Details column.

Date/Time Filtering:

Events can be filtered to those that occurred at a specific point in time using the Date/Time filter. Click the button to open the limit and Date/Time filtering options for the view.

The options popup has two modes, a row limiting mode and a Date/Time filter mode. The row limit mode is used to define the number of events that are returned from the server. Limiting the number of rows returned generally improves data processing performance.

As noted, the Date/Time filtering mode is used to filter events to a specific point in time. Selecting a date and time, determines the starting point for the events that will be returned. The Duration value determines the maximum amount of time from the specified start time that events will be returned.

For example, starting at 7 a.m. with a duration of 1 hour will return events that occurred between 7 a.m. and 8 a.m if "Newer" is selected. Otherwise if "Older" is selected, events from 7 a.m. to 6 a.m. will be returned. Since the number of events that occur within a specified timeframe is variable, the Max Rows value is used to further limit the returned data.

Auto Refresh

By default, the Transactions view appends new events periodically every 30 seconds. This behavior is disabled when either a Date/Time filter is applied or the view is scrolled to a position other than the top of the table. Auto-refresh is re-enabled when either the view is refreshed or the view is scrolled back to the top.

An indication of the auto refresh status is displayed in the Transaction view's table footer as shown here:

Device Map

The Device Details Map view provides a location context for the Device. The position of the Device may be actual or estimated depending on GPS support or activation of the estimated location feature. Historical positional data may also be available if the Device model includes that data when communicating with the Network Server. Like the main Map view, the Device Details Map view supports display of detailed Device information in the Map.

Path Quality information is also available:

Device RF Statistics

The RF Statistics view consists of three heatmap charts that show Uplink,SNR and RSSI statistics on a per-channel basis over time. The view supports daily or monthly aggregation of the data and supports navigation through time in 1 hour, 6 hour or 1 day increments.

The view also supports displaying the backing data in table format as shown here:

Device Statistics

The Device Statistics view shows historical charts of important Device data, such as PSR, Data Rate, RSSI, SNR and others. The view supports displaying the statistics in hourly, daily and lifetime timeframes.

Chart	Description
PSR/Data Rate	A combined chart showing the Device's historical PSR and Data Rate for each displayed time period.
Avg. RSSI/SNR	A combined chart showing the Device's historical RSSI and SNR values for each displayed time period.
Redundancy	A chart showing a count of the Base Stations hearing the Device for each displayed time period.
Up Pkts	A chart showing the count of northbound packets sent to the Network Server for each displayed time period.
Down Pkts	A chart showing a count of southbound packets sent to the Device for each displayed time period.
Up Bytes	A chart showing the count of northbound bytes sent to the Network Server for each displayed time period.
Down Bytes	A chart showing a count of southbound bytes sent to the Device for each displayed time period.
ADR Requests	A chart showing a count of the Data Rate requests that occur due to ADR for each displayed time period.
ADR Configuration Changes	A chart showing a count of the Data Rate changes that occur due to ADR for each displayed time period.
Up MAC Commands	A chart showing the count of the unique northbound packets containing MAC commands.
Down MAC Commands	A chart showing the count of the unique southbound packets containing MAC commands.
Join Requests/Accepts	A combined chart showing a count of join requests sent by the Device and counts of join accepts sent to the Device for each displayed time period.
Security Sessions	The number of successful joins processed for each displayed time period

Estimated Location

The Estimated Location Map view is a diagnostic tool for evaluating the position of a Device based on different location algorithms. The algorithm used to determine location is configured in the Device Profile assigned to the Device. This view is only visible if Write to Events is enabled in the Profile with the Advanced Algorithm selected. If visible, the Map displays a yellow circle for the estimated location and a green circle for the configured location (if set) as shown here:

Clicking on the yellow circle toggles display of square markers that represent the position of the Device for each unique uplink event received by the Network Server. This can also be accomplished via the "Toggle Location History" button in the upper righthand corner of the Map view. Hovering over a square displays a tooltip that shows the calculated location and time of the event.

Estimated Location Tooltip Fields

Field	Marker Type	Description
Unique ID	Square	The combined sequence number and join id of the unique uplink.
Last Updated	Circle	Time of the last uplink received by the Device
Timestamp	Square	Time associated with the historical location.
Location	Both	The computed or configured latitude and longitude of the Device.
Location Confidence	Circle	Confidence is a measure of how certain a Device is near the Estimated Location. The higher the confidence value, the more certain it is that a Device is near the Estimate Location. • The confidence value is incremented on each uplink and for each Base Station that heard the uplink and contributed to the calculation of an Estimated Location. • The confidence value is reset to 0 each time a Reset Trigger is calculated.

Estimated Location Confidence Examples

1. Device_A with a starting Confidence of 0
   
   • An uplink for Device_A is heard by 1 Base Station
   • The confidence value is incremented by 1: Confidence is 1
   • A new uplink for Device_A is heard by 2 Base Stations
   • The confidence value is incremented by 2: Confidence is 3
   
   
2. Device_B with a starting Confidence of 10
   • An uplink for Device_B is heard by 3 Base Stations
   • The confidence value is incremented by 3: Confidence is 13
   • A new uplink for Device_B is heard by 2 Base Stations
   • A reset trigger is detected, confidence is reset
   • The confidence value is incremented by 2: Confidence is 2

Details Info Panel

Provides Device metadata. The buttons on the panel create or edit Notification Targets, send downlinks and refresh the info panel.

Click to hide.

Details: Display current information about the Device

Send Downlink: Send downlink PDUs to the Device

Edit Device: Open the Edit Device window.

Multicast Group Status

The status of a Device that is in a Multicast Group is also displayed in the info panel.

Collapsed View	Expanded View
Displays the total number of Multicast Groups the Device was recently a member of.	Shows the type, address, and status of the Groups with a link to the Multicast Group Details View

Send Downlink

On-demand application downlinks can be sent directly from the Device Details view. A message is sent by specifying the message PDU and the target port on the Device. Message confirmation is enabled by checking the corresponding checkbox.

When operating as Class-B or Class-C, the Device's Details Send Downlink UI will display a Device Class selector. 

Downlink options include: 

• Class-A: Queue the downlink until the next uplink receive windows are available
• Class-B: Do not queue; send the downlink to the elected base station for transmit on the available next ping slot
• Class-C: Do not queue; transmit immediately.

Edit Device

Create a custom Notification Target or edit the previously configured Notification Target. Devices with custom Notification Targets will appear in the Devices with Notifiers view. See the Developer Streaming documentation for more details.